Poorly managed diabetes is an invitation for a poor state of health. People with diabetes are often more aware of complications such as eye disease, heart disease and kidney disease which can arise from poorly controlled blood glucose levels; however, they are usually unaware of the impact high levels of glucose in the blood can have on their mouth.
Those living with diabetes have been found to be at a higher risk of developing gum disease also known as periodontal disease compared to people who do not have diabetes. A study I recently conducted among a group of diabetic patients in Nigeria showed that almost all (97%) of them had gum disease.
Gum disease is simply the infection of the gum which leads to the destruction of bone that supports the tooth/teeth as a result of irritation from plaque (whitish substance which forms on the teeth). In the early stages, gum disease is painless and appears as red, swollen gums which may bleed. Later as bone is destroyed, the tooth becomes loose and may become painful in addition to developing sores on the gums; if care is not taken, the tooth may eventually fall off.
What to do to prevent gum disease
Gum disease though common among people with diabetes is preventable.
- The first step is to ensure you control and monitor your blood glucose level: people with poorer glucose control have a higher chance of developing gum disease which is usually more severe.
- Brush your teeth regularly: It is recommended that you brush twice daily for at least 2 minutes to ensure the removal of plaque which causes gum disease.
- Floss regularly: floss once daily to remove dirt between and around your teeth to get rid of things that may irritate your gums.
- Schedule regular check-ups with your dentist: have a good dental culture by ensuring you visit your dentist every 6 months. This visit is to ensure early detection and treatment of gum disease as well as to get rid of plaque and tartar (hard to remove dirt found around the teeth) which are culprits in causing gum disease and eventual tooth loss.