Bleeding gums are relatively common. This is often observed while brushing the teeth but can occur spontaneously (bleeding without provocation). A bleeding gum is often an indication that the gum is unhealthy. However, it can also be an indication that something more serious is going on. The following are causes of bleeding gums:
- Poor oral hygiene: this is the most common cause of bleeding gums. Plaque and calculus accumulation as a result of poor brushing habits are the culprits. These substances irritate the gums and cause them to bleed. A visit to the dentist to have these plaque and calculus removed will ensure the bleeding stops.
- Gum disease: also known as periodontal disease causes bleeding gums. This can also be as a result of plaque accumulation.
- Foreign bodies: sometimes foreign bodies get stuck in the gums which irritates them and cause bleeding. These foreign bodies include fish bone, broken fragments of tooth pick, bristle strands from tooth brush or popcorn fragments.
- Hormonal changes: during pregnancy, hormonal changes occur which sometimes results in gum swelling and bleeding.
- Vitamin deficiency: lack of vitamins such as vitamin C and K can cause gums to bleed. Bleeding gums are common presentations of Scurvy which results from vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin K on the other hand is important for the formation of blood clots (stoppage of bleeding) shortage of which can cause bleeding gums.
- Platelet deficiency: also known as thrombocytopenia. Platelets help to stop bleeding; a deficiency can lead to spontaneous bleeding.
- Bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and von willebrand disease.
- Leukemia: this is a type of cancer of the blood cells. Bleeding gums can be a sign of leukemia.
Although bleeding gums might be harmless, they might also be an indication of a more serious underlying disease. Please pay your dentist a visit to have your gums checked out.
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